Key Lighting - The purpose of the key light is to highlight the form and dimension of the subject. The key light isn't a rigid requirement. Omitting the key light can give off a silhouette effect. Key lights may be placed in a scene to illuminate a moving subject at opportune moments.
Fill light - may be used to reduce the contrast of a scene and provide some illumination for the areas of the image that are in shadow. A common lighting setup places the fill light on the lens axis, roughly perpendicular to the key light. The fill light is often softer and, by definition, less intense than the key light.
The purpose of back light is to illuminate the subject from behind, it can be natural or artificial light. The viewer and the back light face each other with the subject in between them, as a result the subject appears glowy around the edges (halo effect) and some parts may appear shadowed. It can be used to create a silhouette effect.
High-lighting: High lighting aims to reduce the lighting ratio present in the scene. High lighting is used to suggest an upbeat mood. It is often used in sitcoms and comedies.
Rim lighting - is often used when making profile portraits. Rim lighting is the similar as backlighting, where the subject is lighted from behind causing the facial features of the profile to be highlighted.
Chiaroscuro Lighting - Is characterized by strong contrasts between light and dark, usually bold contrasts affecting a whole composition.
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